Vi sinh là gì? Cách sử dụng hiệu quả và đúng cách

NGÀY ĐĂNG: 18/04/2020

Vi sinh trong nuôi trồng thủy sản

Vi sinh trong nuôi tôm

Men vi sinh (probiotics) đã được mô tả như là thành phần của một tế bào vi sinh vật mang lại tác dụng hữu ích trên vật chủ bằng cách cải thiện khả năng kháng bệnh, thúc đẩy sự tăng trưởng, sử dụng thức ăn và tình trạng sức khỏe, thông qua việc đạt được sự cân bằng vi khuẩn trong cả vật chủ và môi trường xung quanh. 

  • Chế phẩm vi sinh thường được tạo nên từ 3 thành phần:
  1. Các chủng vi khuẩn có lợi tham gia sử dụng và phân hủy các hợp chất hữu cơ như: Bacillus sp., Nitrobacter sp., Nitrosomonas sp., Clostridium sp, Lactobacillus sp, L.acidophillus, Streptococcus sp., Sacharomyces sp…
  2. Các loại enzyme hữu cơ, xúc tác cho quá trình phân hủy của các vi sinh vật như: Protease, Lypase, Amyllase, Chitinnase…
  3. Chất dinh dưỡng sinh học để kích hoạt sinh trưởng ban đầu hệ vi khuẩn.
  • Về hình thức men vi sinh gồm có dạng nước và dạng bột (hay dạng viên), bình thường dạng bột có mật độ vi khuẩn có lợi cao hơn so với dạng nước.
  • Về chủng loại các chủng vi sinh vật được sử dụng trong nuôi trồng thủy sản hiện nay được chia làm 3 nhóm:
  1. Nhóm vi sinh vật sống như vi khuẩn thuộc nhóm Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces... thường dùng trộn vào thức ăn, giúp cân bằng vi khuẩn đường ruột, tăng cường chuyển hóa và hấp thu thức ăn, nâng cao hiệu quả sử dụng thức ăn của tôm. Tiết ra một số chất kháng sinh, enzyme để kìm hãm hay tiêu diệt vi khuẩn có hại trong đường ruột tôm nuôi và tăng sức đề kháng cho tôm.
  2. Nhóm các vi sinh vật có tính đối kháng hoặc cạnh tranh thức ăn với vi sinh vật gây bệnh như vi khuẩn Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus sp... được dùng cải thiện nền đáy ao nuôi, cạnh tranh mạnh mẽ chất dinh dưỡng, năng lượng và giá thể với các loài vi khuẩn có hại, tảo độc từ đó làm ổn định chất lượng nước và nền đáy trong ao nuôi tôm.
  3. Nhóm các vi sinh vật cải thiện chất lượng môi trường như vi khuẩn Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Actinomyces, Bacillus, Rhodobacter sp, Rhodospirillum, Rhodopseudomonas viridis... dùng xử lý nước ao và nền đáy. Trong đó, một số chủng vi sinh vật sẽ làm tăng hàm lượng oxy, ổn định pH, phân hủy mùn bã hữu cơ, khử phèn, diệt tảo độc.

Tác dụng của của vi sinh trong nuôi tôm

Vi sinh có tác dụng trong ao nuôi tôm được thực hiện thông qua 2 cách: tạt xuống ao xử lý môi trường và trộn vào thức ăn.

Tác dụng của vi sinh trong nuôi tôm

+ Tăng nhanh vi khuẩn có lợi trong ao, gây tảo nhanh, không nhớt đáy, làm màu nước luôn ổn định và hạn chế tảo độc.

+ Phân hủy chất hữu cơ và cặn bã dưới đáy ao, giữ đáy ao luôn sạch.

+ Giảm hàm lượng khí độc NH3, NO2, H2S và giảm độ phèn trong ao nuôi.    

Xem thêm: Vi sinh là gì? Cách sử dụng hiệu quả và đúng cách – ÂU MỸ AEC (aecaqua.com)

AEC-COPEFLOC: Tạo và duy trì thức ăn tự nhiên, gây màu ao nuôi tôm – ÂU MỸ AEC (aecaqua.com)

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